什麼是Adsense? 相信不管是從事電子商務的小型公司或是玩個人網頁的網友應該都已經知道Adsense, 如果不知道就請點上面連結去申請, 但在眾多網頁中真正能從Adsense賺到錢的有多少呢? 我就是其中一個怎麼都賺不到錢的人之一, 基本上想要用Adsense賺大錢, 有幾個決定性因素, 首先最重要的當然就是流量(traffic), 然後就是利基因子(niche), 也就是你的網站主題, 比如說在台灣如果我的主題是棒球, 當然就大受歡迎, 如果我討論的是板球, 那來逛我網站想當然就是稀落了, 另外很重要的就是廣告擺設和網頁頁面的設計, 但對目前眾多小型企業蓬勃發展的情況下, 想要增加流量更是艱辛..

直接言歸正傳, 到底怎麼一個月從Adsense賺到幾千美金? 下面這個方法相信有些人已經聽過了, 但真正去做的相信是少之又少, 首先要灌輸的一個觀念就是如果要吸引顧客看廣告, 網頁裡就不能有太豐富的內容, 因為假如顧客已經從你的網頁得到足夠的資訊, 可能就不會再對廣告產生興趣, 除非廣告跟內容是一體的, 假如你能認同這個觀念, 相信就可以認同接下來的方法, 首先要做的就是建立500個毫無意義的垃圾部落格(spam blogs)或更多, 每個部落格就只有一到兩篇淺顯易懂且對讀者幫助不大的文章, 但那正是你想要的, 可是如何去建立500個部落格? 如果單P可能會瘋掉, 所以可以找朋友一起來做或是直接雇人來做, 目前美國自由作家的網站就有很多project請人幫忙建立重覆的部落格來做搜尋引擎最佳化, 其實這個步驟算是簡單的, 接下來就是要如何吸引人去你建立的那些部落格..

首先要建立的就是流量, 你不需要非常大量的流量, 只要每個部落格都有一點流量就夠了, 這可能會花上一些時間, 但報酬率是相當高的, 你可以去下載一些article submitter的軟件, 每天就是將你的文章自動送到幾百個目錄裡, 同時你的文章附上那些部落格的連結, 甚至直接送只有連結的文章也可以, 其他還有很多方法像是社交書籤(social bookmarking), 討論區留言, 部落格留言和交換連結, 社交網站, 或是到雅虎回答問題順便留下連結等等, 但注意一些網站規定和網路禮儀, 別做得太過火了..

可能會需要一段時間去建立流量, 但肯定的是慢慢一定會有收入進帳, 結論就是, 建立500個對人類靈魂毫無意義的部落格和文章, 擺上Adsense廣告, 利用所有免費的網路管道去promote那些部落格, 再做一些SEO, 搜尋引擎自然就會幫你帶來你想要的..以上資料參考自Cashjuke, 我本身沒有試過, 閒來沒事的網友或許可以嘗試看看~

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Network effect is a proper noun used in economy or business. The value of a product will depend on how many people use it. For example, if there is only one fax machine in the world, its value will be zero because there is no another fax machine can communicate with it. However, the value of fax machine will increase if more and more people start to use it. To apply in the e-business, network effect could infer the ability of the development of the Internet society. Network effect is just like rolling a snowball on the Internet. The people using the Internet have continued increase since 1990. The value of each Internet user depends on the total other Internet users. It means that other people will join an Internet community when critical mass of users are attracted by this community. In other words, a successful website requires techniques, marketing, and price strategy to attract customers so as to trigger network effect.

The interpersonal interaction is a big power to detain customers. Various types of hypothesized community help to affiliate the relationship between enterprises and customers, or customers and customers. The interaction between users may raise its centripetal force and their loyalty (Lu, 1997). The forum in Myspace and the blogsearch of Google’s blogspot are the examples why enterprises value network effect.

Once users confess themselves to belong to the network community, this network community may understand network effect more. It is helpful for a successful e-business to create the advantage of the original market occupying and increase market share. It makes competitors more difficult to vacillate our community members. Also, old members could use the network community to bring other new members and facilitate positive cycle in the community such as advertising companies. However, the success of enterprises will be decided by the ability to give the hypothesized social group trust and maintain users’ interaction continually.


Network in Digital Age

The biggest change of the digital age is the significant increase of broadband of the Internet. The Internet broadband is the foundation of network media. Several phenomena are worth us to observe:

1. Broadband enhance the network advertisement: the present websites strat to apply massive Flash animation and advertising banner because of the development of the Internet broadband. The increase of visual effects brings more customers comparing with traditional media like newspapers. People also believe that more brilliant network advertisement will appear in the future.
2. The specialized medium production team: The network market will have a flood of medium production teams who specialize in playing the dynamic medium techniques. Comparing with traditional industry, the network market will be getting more and more difficult to ask for cheap.
3. The development of wireless broadband: Broadband also brings the Internet the third generation of information transmission prospects such as wireless handset, telecommunication satellite.


The Impact on Economy

Another issue is the impact that network effect brings economy. The research of the new economy is called “Californian Ideology” (Barbrook and Cameron, 1996:53). The main idea is: the existing social, political, and legal structure will collapse and be replaced by the interaction between each individual freed from the shackles. The employers will become many scattered small Internet businesses. Service industry will also become more significant than manufacturing industry under such weightless economy. It indicates that products will no longer have entities and contain more information technology. Those products are called dematerialize products or intangibles such as online broadcast, computer software, advertising marketing, online banking, and even the Internet users’ writings, designs, trades, or conversations. Under the new information economy, people need to use more brain than user their physical strength. Therefore, novel idea and abundant information are the most important resources.


Conclusion

When I was doing this assignment, it remained me of a book which I just finished: Sweet Spot by Mr. 6. In this book, the author researched the key reason why some websites become famous in a very short period of time. He indicates that some website became famous because of some additional functions and the development of the Internet such as how Facebook extended its user database rapidly, how Wikipedia become the authority of online encyclopedia, and how Youtube creates large traffic. I have been looking for the trend of webpage developing for some time already. However, the key point is not the knowledge of web2.0 or to follow other successful websites’ steps. To become a successful website developer, I have to find out the fashion and the tread of design and programming so as to reach my sweet spot.


Reference

Lu, Hsi-Peng and Jyun-Yu Wang, “The Relationship between Management Styles, User Participation, and System Success over MIS Growth Stages,” Information & Management, 1997

The best way for the protection of any new software product is the law. First, software manufacturers should apply to obtain the intellectual property patent from the related government apparatus (wisdom wealth bureau) when any of their research or development belongs to their own intellectual property. Besides, software manufacturers have to apply for the international patents in order to be protected by the international laws. For example, Foxconn Electronics Inc. has more than 7,000 patents in the field of coupling industry. Those patents effectively impede potential competitors from entering the market.
Second, software manufacturers have to sign the authorized contracts with their customers. The content should conclude the detail of patent type, authorized method, authorized period, and option money, etc. Not only can software manufacturers earn option money from customers based on the contracts, but they can also request for the penalty if there is any abuse or embezzlement.
Also, software manufacturers must investigate into the software researchers and developers, and sign related security agreement with them. Software manufacturers should be aware of the difference between the patent applicant (software manufacturer) and non-application power person (who develop the software). It can reduce the risk that leaving staff violate the intellectual property right when they enter competitive companies.

The patent disputes about electronic industry between Japan and Korea have been increased rapidly these years. The competition between those large enterprises is the primary reason. Here are several cases happened from 2004 to 2008: Japanese Toshiba Corporation filed the charge in the US and Japan accusing South Korea's Hynix Semiconductor of encroaching on the memory chip related patent. Before that, Japanese Panasonic also filed the charge in Japan accusing LG Electron of encroaching on the plasma monitor board patent and requested the court to forbid LG Electron to sell plasma monitor board in Japanese. Meanwhile, LG Electron made the countersuit immediately.
From those cases, obviously we can see that the courts still have no effective way to reduce international patent disputes. Therefore, those similar cases happened again and again. The main difficulty for the courts is that more and more electronic products use identical models which help the enterprises to develop new techniques. The authorized patents are usually weeded out in a very short period of time. The best solution for the large electronic enterprises is to sign agreement with each other so as to avoid patent disputes. In 2007, Japanese Sony and South Korean Samsung announced that two companies had agreed the sharing of fundamental technical patents in order to accelerate their product development. Simultaneously, they may also avoid increasing international patent disputes day by day. The analyst comments pointed out that this change of electron industry urged long-term competitors to become future cooperationists.

Reference Links:
http://news.zdnet.co.uk/itmanagement/0,1000000308,39181177,00.htm?user_rating=1
http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/03/led-patent-dispute-could-block-blu-ray-cellphones-imports.ars
http://www.blnz.com/news/2008/11/25/InterDigital_ends_patent_dispute_with_8222.html

Ping service is for you to tell the world automatically that your blog was updated. Here is the definition of Ping from Wikipedia:
In blogging, ping is an XML-RPC-based push mechanism by which a weblog notifies a server that its content has been updated. An XML-RPC signal is sent to one or more “ping servers,” which can then generate a list of blogs that have new material. Many blog authoring tools automatically ping one or more servers each time the blogger creates a new post or updates an old one.
This can bring more visitors to your blog without doing much job. If you’re using WordPress blog, all you have to do is to put the ping service website links into Update Services field(you can find this under Writing in Settings). Here is a list of Ping services I collected, you can copy it to your blog.

http://rpc.blogbuzzmachine.com/RPC2
http://rpc.blogrolling.com/pinger/
http://rpc.pingomatic.com/
http://rpc.icerocket.com:10080/
http://rpc.tailrank.com/feedburner/RPC2
http://rpc.technorati.com/rpc/ping
http://rpc.weblogs.com/RPC2
http://api.feedster.com/ping
http://api.my.yahoo.com/RPC2
http://api.my.yahoo.com/rss/ping
http://api.moreover.com/ping
http://api.moreover.com/RPC2
http://www.a2b.cc/setloc/bp.a2b
http://www.blogdigger.com/RPC2
http://www.blogshares.com/rpc.php
http://www.blogsnow.com/ping
http://www.blogstreet.com/xrbin/xmlrpc.cgi
http://www.blogoon.net/ping/
http://www.blogpeople.net/servlet/weblogUpdates
http://www.blogroots.com/tb_populi.blog?id=1
http://www.blogcensus.net/census_server.pl
http://www.holycowdude.com/rpc/ping/
http://www.modpubsub.org/kn_apps/blogchatter/ping.php
http://www.newsisfree.com/xmlrpctest.php
http://www.popdex.com/addsite.php
http://www.weblogues.com/RPC/
http://ping.bitacoras.com/
http://ping.bloggers.jp/rpc/
http://ping.blogmura.jp/rpc/
http://ping.blo.gs/
http://pinger.blogflux.com/rpc/
http://ping.cocolognifty.com/xmlrpc
http://ping.feedburner.com/
http://ping.myblog.jp/
http://ping.rootblog.com/rpc.php
http://ping.syndic8.com/xmlrpc.php
http://ping.weblogalot.com/rpc.php
http://bblog.com/ping.php
http://blogsearch.google.com/ping/RPC2
http://bulkfeeds.net/rpc
http://coreblog.org/ping/
http://modpubsub.org/kn_apps/blogchatt
http://rcs.datashed.net/RPC2
http://topicexchange.com/RPC2
http://services.newsgator.com/ngws/xmlrpcping.aspx
http://xping.pubsub.com/ping/


100 Ping Services List:
http://1470.net/api/ping
http://a2b.cc/setloc/bp.a2b
http://api.feedster.com/ping
http://api.moreover.com/RPC2
http://api.moreover.com/ping
http://api.my.yahoo.com/RPC2
http://api.my.yahoo.com/rss/ping
http://bitacoles.net/ping.php
http://bitacoras.net/ping
http://blogdb.jp/xmlrpc
http://blogdigger.com/RPC2
http://blogmatcher.com/u.php
http://blogoole.com/ping
http://blogoon.net/ping
http://blogpeople.net/servlet/weblogUpdates
http://blogshares.com/rpc.php
http://blogsnow.com/ping
http://blogstreet.com/xrbin/xmlrpc.cgi
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/XMLRPC
http://bulkfeeds.net/rpc
http://coreblog.org/ping
http://lasermemory.com/lsrpc
http://mod-pubsub.org/kn_apps/blogchatter/ping.php
http://newsisfree.com/xmlrpctest.php
http://ping.amagle.com/
http://ping.bitacoras.com/
http://ping.blo.gs/
http://ping.bloggers.jp/rpc
http://ping.blogmura.jp/rpc
http://ping.cocolog-nifty.com/xmlrpc
http://ping.exblog.jp/xmlrpc
http://ping.feedburner.com/
http://ping.myblog.jp/
http://ping.rootblog.com/rpc.php
http://ping.syndic8.com/xmlrpc.php
http://ping.weblogalot.com/rpc.php
http://ping.weblogs.se/
http://pingoat.com/goat/RPC2
http://rcs.datashed.net/RPC2
http://rpc.blogbuzzmachine.com/RPC2
http://rpc.blogrolling.com/pinger
http://rpc.pingomatic.com/
http://rpc.technorati.com/rpc/ping
http://rpc.weblogs.com/RPC2
http://snipsnap.org/RPC2
http://trackback.bakeinu.jp/bakeping.php
http://topicexchange.com/RPC2
http://weblogues.com/RPC
http://xping.pubsub.com/ping
http://xmlrpc.blogg.de/
http://bblog.com/ping.php
http://blogbot.dk/io/xml-rpc.php
http://catapings.com/ping.php
http://effbot.org/rpc/ping.cgi
http://thingamablog.sourceforge.net/ping.php
http://blogsearch.google.com/pingRPC2
http://rpc.newsgator.com/
http://newsisfree.com/RPCCloud
http://mod-pubsub.org/ping.php
http://pingqueue.com/rpc
http://rpc.britblog.com/
http://services.newsgator.com/ngws/xmlrpcping.aspx
http://holycowdude.com/rpc/ping
http://wasalive.com/ping
http://blogpeople.net/servlet/weblogUpdates
http://blogsearch.google.com/pingRPC2nd
http://api.my.yahoo.com/rpc2
http://pinger.blogflux.com/rpc
http://rpc.icerocket.com:10080/
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/xmlrpc
http://pingoat.com/goat/rpc2
http://rcs.datashed.net/rpc2
http://rpc.blogbuzzmachine.com/rpc2
http://newsisfree.com/rpccloud
http://queerfilter.com/ping
http://weblogues.com/rpc
http://api.mw.net.tw/RPC2
http://api.my.yahoo.com/ping
http://blogsdominicanos.com/ping
http://blogsearch.google.co.uk/pingRPC2
http://blogsearch.google.us/pingRPC2
http://feedsky.com/api/RPC2
http://fgiasson.com/pings/ping.php
http://focuslook.com/ping.php
http://holycowdude.com/rpc/ping
http://imblogs.net/ping
http://ping.blogg.de/
http://ping.blogs.yandex.ru/RPC2
http://ping.fakapster.com/rpc
http://ping.wordblog.de/
http://pinger.onejavastreet.com/
http://rpc.tailrank.com/feedburner/RPC2
http://rpc.wpkeys.com/
http://rssfeeds.com/suggest_wizzard.php
http://rssfwd.com/xmlrpc/api
http://signup.alerts.msn.com/alerts-PREP/submitPingExtended.doz
http://weblogalot.com/ping
http://xianguo.com/xmlrpc/ping.php
http://zhuaxia.com/rpc/server.php
http://focuslook.com/ping

Ping 就是自動將自己的部落格更新通知部落格目錄和搜索引擎，下面是收集的ping網址清單:

中文網站Ping Service清單：
http://www.feedsky.com/api/RPC2
http://www.zhuaxia.com/rpc/server.php
http://www.xianguo.com/xmlrpc/ping.php
http://blog.iask.com/RPC2
http://ping.blog.qikoo.com/rpc2.php

比較重要的Ping Service：
http://blogsearch.google.com/ping/rpc2
http://api.my.yahoo.com/rpc2
http://ping.feedburner.com
http://rpc.pingomatic.com/rpc2
http://ping.blog.qikoo.com/rpc2.php
http://www.zhuaxia.com/rpc/server.php
http://rpc.technorati.com/rpc/ping
http://www.feedsky.com/api/rpc2
http://www.xianguo.com/xmlrpc/ping.php
http://www.bloglines.com/ping
http://blog.yodao.com/ping/rpc2
http://blog.iask.com/ping.php
http://services.newsgator.com/ngws/xmlrpcping.aspx

更多的Ping Service清單:
http://blogsearch.google.com/ping/RPC2
http://1470.net/api/ping
http://api.feedster.com/ping
http://api.moreover.com/RPC2
http://api.moreover.com/ping
http://api.my.yahoo.com/RPC2
http://api.my.yahoo.com/rss/ping
http://bblog.com/ping.php
http://bitacoras.net/ping
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/XMLRPC
http://blogdb.jp/xmlrpc
http://blogmatcher.com/u.php
http://bulkfeeds.net/rpc
http://coreblog.org/ping/
http://modpubsub.org/kn_apps/blogchatt
http://www.lasermemory.com/lsrpc/
http://ping.amagle.com/
http://ping.bitacoras.com
http://ping.blo.gs/
http://ping.bloggers.jp/rpc/
http://ping.cocolognifty.com/xmlrpc
http://ping.blogmura.jp/rpc/
http://ping.exblog.jp/xmlrpc
http://ping.feedburner.com
http://ping.myblog.jp
http://ping.rootblog.com/rpc.php
http://ping.syndic8.com/xmlrpc.php
http://ping.weblogalot.com/rpc.php
http://ping.weblogs.se/
http://pingoat.com/goat/RPC2
http://rcs.datashed.net/RPC2/
http://rpc.blogbuzzmachine.com/RPC2
http://rpc.blogrolling.com/pinger/
http://rpc.icerocket.com:10080/
http://rpc.newsgator.com/
http://rpc.pingomatic.com
http://rpc.technorati.com/rpc/ping
http://rpc.weblogs.com/RPC2
http://topicexchange.com/RPC2
http://trackback.bakeinu.jp/bakeping.php
http://www.a2b.cc/setloc/bp.a2b
http://www.bitacoles.net/ping.php
http://www.blogdigger.com/RPC2
http://www.blogoole.com/ping/
http://www.blogoon.net/ping/
http://www.blogpeople.net/servlet/weblogUpdates
http://www.blogroots.com/tb_populi.blog?id=1
http://www.blogshares.com/rpc.php
http://www.blogsnow.com/ping
http://www.blogstreet.com/xrbin/xmlrpc.cgi
http://www.modpubsub.org/kn_apps/blogchatter/ping.php
http://www.newsisfree.com/RPCCloud
http://www.newsisfree.com/xmlrpctest.php
http://www.popdex.com/addsite.php
http://www.snipsnap.org/RPC2
http://www.weblogues.com/RPC/
http://xmlrpc.blogg.de
http://xping.pubsub.com/ping/

各大搜索引擎博客網站登陸入口網址:
Google Ping Server（更新通知服務）http://blogsearch.google.com/ping?hl=zh-CN
百度博客收錄網址：http://blogsearch.google.com/ping?hl=zh-CN
雅虎中國博客提交：http://www.yahoo.cn/ex/blog_rss/rss_input.php
搜狗sogou博客收錄http://www.sogou.com/feedback/blogfeedback.php
有道博客登陸http://tellbot.yodao.com/report?type=BLOG&keyFrom=help
奇虎博客更新通知服務http://so.blog.qihoo.com/pingblog.html
新浪愛問博客網站收錄http://blog.iask.com/add_new_rss.php
博搜http://www.booso.com/
博鄰http://www.365bloglink.com/
批量ping service網站：
Ping-o-matic提供20多個ping服務地址，可以自己挑選一些有價值的搜索引擎
alles-over這個網站主要提供一些大的可ping服務，如technorati和weblogs
mypagerank這個網站提供了許多ping服務地址
Ping-o-Blog也是一個批量ping服務提供商。
Pingoat這個網站提供了50多個ping服務地址

Problems with illegal music downloads

- Sales of CDs (physical unit albums) decreased 20% in 2007, and 11% in 2008
- Music retail stores closed
- Overall purchases of music including legal digital downloads increased 15%
- About 10 million people logged onto P2P music-sharing sites during a typical day in the US


The history of P2P networks

- Central servers that restore indexed music titles: Napster
- Local shared directory (local client) on each individual computer
Kazaa FastTrack (single client server)
BitTorrent, BitComet, eDonkey, Foxy (multiple client servers)


How can P2P networks make money?

- Request pop-up advertisements and unsolicited e-mails from vendors who pay for the service with spyware and adware programs
- Advertising music sales directly on their sites


Solutions?

- Digital rights management software: To limit users to listen the same song on different software applications or hardware
- Reduce the music CD price
- Copy control CD: more secure techniques for copy control
- New music saving format: To develop a new music saving format to replace CD-ROMs (compact disc)
- Education and government advocacy
- Increase the legal penalty
- More attractive product


Blame the Internet or use the Internet?

In such circumstance, the biggest challenge for music sales is how to make consumers consume their money. Instead of punishing those P2P networks, they can yet be regarded as collaborative ventures. EMI, one of five largest record companies, took its first step in 2006. They authorized Qtrax to become the first legal P2P online music service that supports advertising. People could download music after they fully watch the commercials or choose to pay for downloading. Not only would EMI guarantee the income from the P2P sharing networks, but also both EMI and P2P networks could share the profit opportunity from those advertising. Here are some strategies for the electronic commerce of music sales.

- Basic advertising: Radio, TV commercial, and any advertisement combining with new consumption model
- E-marketing: low risk and high reward
Try out on the Internet
Free downloads and paid downloads
Normal users and advanced users
The Internet group sharing: use the influence of fan forums, message boards, and e-mails to share music videos to fans’ blogs (spontaneous sharing) just like rolling a snowball
- Physical activities: expose singers in front of fans as much as they can so as to increase singers’ celebrity rating
Holiday season activities: Valentine’s Day online drawing
Small concert in campus, pubs, malls, or even on the streets
Large concert: cooperate with other singers
Sell music CDs in the concert place


Conclusion

Laudon, Kenneth mentions that the music sales online cause great loss because of the low profit, like 99 cents per song, and loss the whole concept of “an album”. However, customers will not be stingy if the music products are really worth for them to spend money. A successful music product will either make customers feel reluctant to use pirating or have no choice but to use the original CD.

Reference: Laudon, Kenneth C. & Traver, Carol Guercio. (2009). E-Commerce - Business, Technology, Society. Fifth Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. USA [ISBN: 0-13-1735160]

Because free competition is the fundamental principle to support the US economic system, all the US companies are able to engage in any production, marketing, or service in any open environment. However, any business tort will be penalized by intellectual property laws.

While intellectual property is protected by laws, the government also has to prevent the business that owns intellectual property rights from monopolizing the market. For many years the US has put the intellectual property rights (specially is patent) under the surveillance of the fair trade laws. It gives the balance between IP rights and free competition. The developers of a new product or an idea have right to apply for patent, but they also have to agree to transfer the patent to other manufacturers when the market demand increases.

For example, Klennex is a widely known soft tissue company. Other companies are able to produce similar tissues and packing as Klennex, but any imitative trademark, name, or even blurb is illegal. Another example is Coca-Cola. Other coke companies may use similar products to compete with Coca-Cola, but different product design and idea are required.